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The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
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Microenterprises possess tremendous potential for creating employment opportunities and wealth in a country like India. However, they face huge challenges in the areas of access to financial resources and in marketing their products. Research studies that focus on these issues broaden our understanding and have many implications for practitioners. The first paper, “Factors Influencing the Performance of Microenterprises in India: A Case Study of Jharkhand”, by Taniya Sinha and Mitali Sen, focuses on the role played by microenterprises in India with special reference to the firms based in Jharkhand. Findings of this study identify six factors that influence the financial performance of microenterprises located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand.

Entrepreneurial education plays an important role in creating awareness about potential opportunities lying ahead of entrepreneurs as well as to bring about an overall change in the attitude towards entrepreneurship in the society. The second paper, “Leveraging Entrepreneurship in a Competitive Environment”, by Habiba Hussain, describes a study undertaken to examine the attitude among the students towards entrepreneurship. Based on the findings, the author recommends various initiatives to be taken at the educational institutes so that we can nurture those entrepreneurial talents.

The success of entrepreneurial ventures largely depends on easy accessibility of the required financial resources. Banks play a key role in facilitating access of the funds to the entrepreneurs through their various policies and norms. The third paper, “Analytical Study of Bank Finance to Women Entrepreneurs in Selected Five Banks in Ahmednagar District”, by Madhavi S Patgaonkar, contributes to our understanding about how entrepreneurs have access to and make use of the financial resources. The paper delineates the borrowing pattern, reasons and the impact of financial help lent by the bank on the performance of the enterprises. Findings of this study suggest that there should be improved mechanisms in place in the banks to monitor the effective utilization of the credit by the entrepreneurs.

The fourth paper, “Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Female Leaders in the Global Marketplace”, by Grace S Thomson, examines the issues and challenges associated with increasing participation of women in leading business enterprises. The author analyzes the cross-cultural differences that exist on the perceived risks associated with promoting female leaders. The paper concludes with recommendations to develop women leadership across organizations.

This issue also carries a review of the book, Stay Hungry Stay Foolish. This book narrates the story of 25 IIM-A alumni, who have strived to become successful entrepreneurs. Many entrepreneurial lessons are drawn from their experience.

-- S Senthil Kumar
Consulting Editor
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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